https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIoG_kOCtX8&pp=ygURUG9sYXIgQ29vcmRpbmF0ZXM=
Polar coordinates are a way of representing points in a plane using a distance (r) and angle (theta) from a fixed point, usually the origin. This system is useful for describing circular and symmetric shapes, and is often used in calculus to simplify integrals over these shapes.